John T. Floyd Law Firm
Houston Criminal Lawyer
"Serious Criminal Defense Throughout Texas"
Experienced Criminal Defense Lawyer
Trials, Sentencings and Appeals
Federal And State Criminal Defense
Phone # (713) 224-0101
Toll Free 1-866-374-1327
E-mail jfloyd@JohnTFloyd.com
Top Lawyers for the People - 2008 HTexas
White Collar Criminal Defense Lawyer
Houston Criminal Defense Attorney, John T. Floyd, has both the expertise and resources to provide vigorous representation through every stage of the criminal process for individuals, businesses and/or organizations accused of committing corporate crime violations. It is evident that an accused facing allegations of corporate crime faces formidable obstacles in defending against such charges. The John T. Floyd Law Firm is dedicated to providing the kind of vigorous legal representation needed to surmount those significant obstacles.
White Collar Crime Major Target of Federal Prosecutions
“Corporate crime,” or what most Americans call “white collar crime,” is generally characterized as some sort of “fraud.” It ranks third on the list of investigation priorities established by Federal Bureau of Investigation in its “Strategic Plan 2004-2009.” At the end of the fiscal year 2006 [October 1, 2005 – September 30, 2006], the FBI reported that its field offices were investigating 409 corporate fraud cases – 19 of which involved losses to public investors exceeding $1 billion. The FBI defines “corporate fraud” as involving the following criminal activities:
- Falsification of Financial Information, including: (a) false accounting entries, (b) bogus trades designed to inflate profit or hide losses, and/or false transactions designed to evade regulatory oversight.
- Self-dealing by Corporate Insiders, including: (a) insider trading, (b) kickbacks, (c) backdating of executive stock options, (d) misuse of corporate property for personal gain, and/or (e) individual tax violations related to self-dealing.
- Fraud in Connection With an Otherwise Legitimately-Operated Mutual or Hedge Fund, including: (a) late trading, (b) certain market timing schemes, (c) falsification of net asset values, and/or (d) other fraudulent or abusive trading practices by, within, or involving a mutual or hedge fund.
- Obstruction of Justice, designed to conceal any of the above-noted types of criminal conduct, particularly when the obstruction impedes the inquiries of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), other regulatory agencies, and/or law enforcement agencies.
In addition to fraud, corporate crime includes all forms of
theft and embezzlement committed within or against the national
and international financial community. The FBI characterizes
corporate crimes by “deceit, concealment, or violation of
trust, and are not dependent upon the application or threat of
physical force or violence.”
Individuals or organizations accused of these crimes, reports
the FBI, are generally motivated by a personal or business
advantage. In addition to corporate fraud, the FBI focuses its
investigative resources against what it calls “public
corruption” crimes which include:
- Health care fraud
- Mortgage fraud
- Identity theft
- Insurance fraud
- Mass marketing fraud
- Money laundering
The FBI has created a Financial Crimes Section (FCS) which is divided into the following four units:
- Economic Crimes Unit (ECU)
- Health Care Fraud Unit (HCFU)
- Financial Institution Fraud Unit (FIFU)
- Asset Forfeiture/Money Laundering Unit (AF/MLU)
The ECU targets individuals, businesses and industries in the following areas:
- Corporate fraud
- Insurance fraud (non-health care related)
- Securities and commodities fraud
- Mass marketing fraud
- Telemarketing fraud
- Ponzi schemes
- Advance fees schemes
- Pyramid schemes
The HCFU targets individuals and businesses defrauding public and private health care systems in the following areas:
- Billing for services not rendered
- Billing for a higher reimbursable service than performed (upcoding)
- Performing unnecessary services
- Kickbacks
- Unbundling of tests and services to generate higher fees
- Durable medical equipment fraud
- Pharmaceutical drug diversion
- Outpatient surgery fraud
- Internet pharmacy sales
The primary goal of the FIFU, according to the FBI, is to identify, target, disrupt, and dismantle “criminal organizations and individuals engaged in fraud schemes” against the nation’s financial institutions in the following areas:
- Financial institution failures
- Insider fraud
- Check fraud
- Counterfeit negotiable instruments
- Check kiting
- Loan fraud
- Mortgage fraud
The primary goal of AF/MLU is, according to the FBI, “to promote the strategic use of asset forfeiture” by making sure that its “field offices” utilize money laundering violations in all appropriate investigations “to disrupt and/or dismantle criminal enterprises.” The unit’s resources are directed in the following areas:
- Identity theft
- Data entry and analysis of financial documents
- Forensic accounting
- Tracing assets subject to forfeiture
Of the 490 corporate fraud cases investigated by the FBI during 2006, 171 resulted in indictments and 124 of those led to convictions. The agency lists the following accomplishments:
- $1.2 billion in restitutions
- $41.5 million in recoveries
- $14.2 million in fines
- $62.6 million in seizures
During 2006, the FBI investigated 1165 cases involving Securities and Commodities fraud resulting in 302 indictments that led to 164 convictions. Agency accomplishments:
- $1.9 billion in restitutions
- $20.6 million in recoveries
- $60.7 million in fines
- $62.7 in seizures
During 2006, the FBI investigated 2,423 cases involving health care fraud resulting in 588 indictments that led to 534 convictions. Agency accomplishments:
- $373 million in restitutions
- $1.6 billion in recoveries
- $172.9 million in fines
- $24.3 million in seizures
During 2006, the FBI investigated 818 cases involving mortgage fraud resulting in 263 indictments that led to 204 convictions. Agency accomplishments:
- $388.9 million in restitutions
- $1.4 million in recoveries
- $231 million in fines
During 2006, the FBI investigated 1255 cases involving identify theft resulting in 457 indictments that led to 405 convictions. Agency accomplishments:
- $156.5 million in restitutions
- $4.3 million in recoveries
- $1.2 million in fines
During year 2006, the FBI investigated 233 cases involving insurance fraud resulting in 53 indictments that led to 54 convictions. Agency accomplishments:
- $30 million in restitutions
- $3 million in seizures
During 2006, the FBI investigated 147 cases of mass marketing fraud resulting in 13 indictments and 44 convictions. Agency accomplishments:
- $268.8 million in restitutions
- $86.9 million in fines
- $12.4 million in seizures
During 2006, the FBI investigated 473 cases involving money laundering fraud resulting in 161 indictments that led to 95 convictions. Agency accomplishments:
- $17 million in restitutions
- $3.3 million in recoveries
Clearly, corporate crime is a major concern of the FBI, as well as state law enforcement agencies. The thousands of indictments and convictions involving billions of dollars in losses have drawn the concern of the courts in these kinds of cases. For example, the district court in United States v. Caputo, 456 F.Supp.2d 970 (N.D. Ill. 2006) made the following observation about the sentence it imposed on a “corporate criminal”:
“In view of all the factors outlined herein, it is this Court's hope that the readers of this opinion will come to the realization that the ten and six year sentences imposed here are in large measure part of our country's efforts to create an atmosphere of general corporate crime deterrence. Serious corporate crime sentences are needed to reflect the actions of Congress and the Sentencing Commission and to avoid unwarranted sentencing disparities. More importantly, the sentences provide specific deterrence for Caputo and Riley after assessing each of their roles in the offenses proven at trial.” Id., at 985.
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