CRIMINAL JURISDICTION

Criminal Law Blog by Defense Lawyer John Floyd and Mr. Billy Sinclair

November 13, 2009

NO ACCOUNTABILITY FOR PROSECUTORS GONE ROGUE

Absolute Immunity from Civil Liability, Accountability for Prosecutors

By: Houston Criminal Attorney John Floyd and Paralegal Billy Sinclair

The primary ethical and legal duty of a criminal prosecutor is to serve the interests of justice—not their personal interests of winning at any costs as is too often the case with a many prosecutors. This was made clear in October 2008 in the federal prosecution of then-Senator Ted Stevens (R-Alaska) for high-profile corruption charges. The federal prosecutors in the case were determined to bring down one of the most powerful lawmakers in this country—at any costs. D.C. District Court Judge Emmet Sullivan lambasted those prosecutors at the time saying that in his 25 years on the bench he had “never seen mishandling and misconduct like what I have seen” in Sen. Stevens’ case. The federal judge was so incensed at the prosecutorial misconduct that he appointed an outside attorney named Henry Schuelke to investigate the Stevens prosecutors for possible “criminal contempt.” The matter was essentially resolved when current U.S. Attorney Eric Holder requested, and secured, a reversal of Sen. Stevens’ conviction from Judge Sullivan earlier this year.

But the legal and political fallout from the Stevens case lingers in the federal judiciary.  Last month in a meeting with members of the federal Judiciary’s Criminal Rules Advisory Committee Assistant U.S. Attorney Larry Breuer informed the committee that while the Justice Department had implemented “new measures” to ensure that federal prosecutors fulfill their responsibility to disclose any potentially exculpatory information to the defense, the Department would stand firm against expanding the Brady disclosure requirements under Rule 16 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure.  Why?  Do they seek justice or hide it?

Writing in www.mainjustice.com, Joe Palazzolo said that Breuer presentation was a rebuttal to an earlier request by Judge Sullivan urging the committee to consider amending Rule 16 requiring federal prosecutors to “turn over all exculpatory information to defense lawyers in criminal cases.” Sullivan informed the committee that “such a rule would eliminate the need for the court to enter discovery orders that simply restate the law in this area, reduce discovery disputes, and help ensure the integrity and fairness of criminal proceedings.”

Former Harris County District Attorneys Johnny Holmes and Charles “Chuck” Rosenthal left a deplorable legacy of prosecutorial misconduct involving cases where prosecutors not only withheld clearly exculpatory information but fabricated evidence, including the knowing use of perjured testimony, to secure criminal conviction—even in death penalty cases. The administration of these two former district attorneys, which spanned nearly 30 years, was proud of their “win-at-any-costs” philosophy that ultimately morphed into unofficial policy. And things really have not improved much under current “reform” District Attorney Pat Lykos who took office earlier this year. One of her prosecutors was recently discovered hiding potentially exculpatory information in a sexual assault case. The alleged victim had initially identified her attacker as being “black” but he actually turned out to be white. This information was apparently deliberately withheld from the defense attorneys involved in the case. (more…)

February 4, 2009

IS LARRY RAY SWEARINGEN GUILTY OF CAPITAL MURDER?

Actual Innocence Not Recognized Ground for Relief in Federal Habeas Corpus Jurisprudence

By: Houston Criminal Defense Attorney John Floyd and Paralegal Billy Sinclair

Is Larry Ray Swearingen guilty of capital murder? The State of Texas, through Montgomery County Assistant District Attorney Marc Brumberger, believes that he is. The parents of Melissa Trotter, Charles and Sandra Trotter, believe that he is. The Texas Court of Criminal Appeals believes that he is.

But Swearingen’s attorney, James Rytting, the New York-based Innocence Project, and a host of forensic pathologists, including Glenn Larkin, strenuously believe that he is not. As Larkin recently told Texas Monthly Magazine: “no rational and intellectually honest person can look at the evidence and conclude Larry Swearingen is guilty of this horrible crime.” While the Houston Chronicle, in a January 23, 2009 editorial, did not go as far as Larkin, the respected editorial board of the newspaper said: “He may not be a saint, but Swearingen does not deserve to die for someone else’s crime.”

The United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit is not concerned one way or the other about Swearingen’s guilt or innocence. The appeals court has long held that the execution of an inmate who has demonstrated “actual innocence” does not offend federal due process of law. The appeals court, however, recently stayed Swearingen’s pending execution and ordered a hearing to determine (1) if state prosecutors engaged in prosecutorial misconduct and (2) if he was adequately represented at trial by defense counsel. See: In Re: Larry Ray Swearingen, No. 09-20024, Jan. 26, 2009 [Online citation unavailable].

We cannot conclude whether Swearingen is innocent or guilty. Our intent is to lay out the legal and factual background of his case so our readers can draw their own conclusions based upon the evidence we’ve gleaned from the public record and court decisions.

LEGAL BACKGROUND

Larry Ray Swearingen, an electrician who lived in Willis, Texas, was arrested on December 11, 1998 by Montgomery County law enforcement authorities on outstanding charges unrelated to the murder of Melissa Trotter. (more…)

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