CRIMINAL JURISDICTION

Criminal Law Blog by Defense Lawyer John Floyd and Mr. Billy Sinclair

May 8, 2010

THE PITFALLS OF EXPERT TESTIMONY IN CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE CASES

Child Sexual Assault Expert Lies about Conclusions of Study

By: Houston Criminal Attorney John Floyd and Paralegal Billy Sinclair

We have written previously about the prolific use of “child sexual abuse experts” in child sexual assault cases. In particular, we have criticized the testimony such experts from the Harris County Children’s Assessment Center (“CAC”). While seldom providing any specific source, these experts testify that the professional “literature” and “studies” reveal child sexual abuse victims rarely ever make “false” allegations about such abuse. The experts confidently inform juries that the rate of false allegations in child sexual abuse cases is about “three percent.” While our Texas Court of Criminal Appeals has held that such generalized testimony does not constitute impermissible “bolstering” of a child sexual abuse victim’s testimony, criminal defense attorneys who have faced this kind of “expert” testimony in emotionally-charged child sexual assault cases understand clearly that such testimony does lend tremendous bolstering-like credibility to the child’s testimony.

As Judge Alex Kozinski of the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals said in a dissenting child sexual assault opinion nine years ago, “the testimony of a victim—particularly a very young one—is a highly tenuous ground on which to rest a conviction. A jury might develop a reasonable doubt from the total absence of corroborating [expert] evidence. If the jury nonetheless convicts, we are bound by that determination.” 1/

Judge Kozinski was dissenting in the case of Emanuel Sistrunk who was convicted in an Oregon state court in 1985 for the forcible rape of an 11-year-old girl. He was given a 30-year sentence with fifteen of those years being a statutory minimum. The child victim in the Sistrunk case, as in most child sexual abuse cases, knew her attacker because, according to her,  he had sexually abused her once before. The child provided a rather detailed account of the events leading up to and subsequent to the attack.

State prosecutors called an “expert” witness named Dr. Jan Bays who, as a three-judge Ninth Circuit panel concluded, “testified falsely.” 2/ The appeals court added that Dr. Bays testified about “a scientific study [which] proved that ‘it is very, very rare that a child lies about sex abuse’ and that the chance of such a lie is only with teenagers, ‘never with the younger children.’ She testified the study established that ‘if the child comes forward with the story, themselves [sic], then it is the truth. If the child is younger than a teenager, then it is the truth.’” 3/

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April 16, 2010

TEXAS COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS STRIKES BALANCE FOR RULE OF LAW

Filed under: Homicide Crimes Lawyer — Tags: , , , , , — johntfloyd @ 12:53 pm

Wilson v. State; Court Reverses Conviction Obtained After Finding Investigator Used False Fingerprint Lab Report to Obtain Confession

By: Houston Criminal Attorney John Floyd and Paralegal Billy Sinclair

It was New Year’s Day, 2006. Ronald Wilson called 911 to report he had discovered a man’s body on a San Antonio street while walking with his son. The police responded to the call and found the body of Amos Gutierrez who had been killed with a single fatal gunshot. The police also found a magazine clip near Gutierrez’s body. The investigation into Gutierrez’s death quickly revealed information implicating Wilson in the crime. He was arrested on misdemeanor charges. 1/

A San Antonio police detective named Roberts was assigned to the case. One of his preliminary tasks was to interrogate the suspect. He was an experienced law enforcement officer. He knew both state and federal courts have sanctioned the use of deception and trickery by law enforcement to get a suspect to confess to a crime. 2/ Roberts decided to employ a extraordinary kind of deception on Wilson.  He used an old crime lab report as a template to create a false crime lab report on his computer. He changed the heading on the old report to read, “Bexar County Criminal Investigation Laboratory.” He then typed in the following information: “Results: Examination of Item I revealed the Two Latent Prints lifted from the Firearm Magazine belong to those of Ronald Wilson, a Black Male with the date of birth 11-13-84.” The false report listed Wilson’s city, county, state and federal law enforcement identification numbers.

Armed with the impressive albeit false crime lab report, Roberts entered the interrogation room at 10:02 p.m. He asked Wilson if he had touched anything at the crime scene. Wilson repeatedly said he had not. At 10:13 p.m. Roberts showed the report to Wilson who, while shaking his head in disbelief, studied its contents. Roberts told the suspect “they had his fingerprints” along with other incriminating evidence which the detective began to recite. At 10:17 Wilson interrupted the detective to say he didn’t how his prints wound up on the clip. Not deterred, Roberts continued to press Wilson, recounting for the suspect at 10:20 p.m. the laundry list of evidence against him beginning with the fingerprint report. “[I] can’t get over the prints,” Roberts said at 10:24 p.m. “Let me remind you, I’ve got that report. Those guys are experts. They’re like DNA experts. They’re like experts. What they say is the truth” Wilson put his hands on his head and looked down, saying: “Okay. Okay.” 3/

Detective Roberts apparently was not aware of Article 37.09(a)(2) of the Texas Penal Code which states that if a person, “knowing that an investigation is pending or in progress, makes, presents, or uses a document with knowledge of its falsity and acts with the intent to affect the course or outcome of the investigation,” he has violated Texas law. And the detective must not have been aware of Article 37.10 of the Texas Penal Code which provides: “A person commits an offense if he makes, presents, or use any record, document, or anything with knowledge of its falsity and with the intent that [it] be taken as a genuine governmental record.”

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November 13, 2009

NO ACCOUNTABILITY FOR PROSECUTORS GONE ROGUE

Absolute Immunity from Civil Liability, Accountability for Prosecutors

By: Houston Criminal Attorney John Floyd and Paralegal Billy Sinclair

The primary ethical and legal duty of a criminal prosecutor is to serve the interests of justice—not their personal interests of winning at any costs as is too often the case with a many prosecutors. This was made clear in October 2008 in the federal prosecution of then-Senator Ted Stevens (R-Alaska) for high-profile corruption charges. The federal prosecutors in the case were determined to bring down one of the most powerful lawmakers in this country—at any costs. D.C. District Court Judge Emmet Sullivan lambasted those prosecutors at the time saying that in his 25 years on the bench he had “never seen mishandling and misconduct like what I have seen” in Sen. Stevens’ case. The federal judge was so incensed at the prosecutorial misconduct that he appointed an outside attorney named Henry Schuelke to investigate the Stevens prosecutors for possible “criminal contempt.” The matter was essentially resolved when current U.S. Attorney Eric Holder requested, and secured, a reversal of Sen. Stevens’ conviction from Judge Sullivan earlier this year.

But the legal and political fallout from the Stevens case lingers in the federal judiciary.  Last month in a meeting with members of the federal Judiciary’s Criminal Rules Advisory Committee Assistant U.S. Attorney Larry Breuer informed the committee that while the Justice Department had implemented “new measures” to ensure that federal prosecutors fulfill their responsibility to disclose any potentially exculpatory information to the defense, the Department would stand firm against expanding the Brady disclosure requirements under Rule 16 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure.  Why?  Do they seek justice or hide it?

Writing in www.mainjustice.com, Joe Palazzolo said that Breuer presentation was a rebuttal to an earlier request by Judge Sullivan urging the committee to consider amending Rule 16 requiring federal prosecutors to “turn over all exculpatory information to defense lawyers in criminal cases.” Sullivan informed the committee that “such a rule would eliminate the need for the court to enter discovery orders that simply restate the law in this area, reduce discovery disputes, and help ensure the integrity and fairness of criminal proceedings.”

Former Harris County District Attorneys Johnny Holmes and Charles “Chuck” Rosenthal left a deplorable legacy of prosecutorial misconduct involving cases where prosecutors not only withheld clearly exculpatory information but fabricated evidence, including the knowing use of perjured testimony, to secure criminal conviction—even in death penalty cases. The administration of these two former district attorneys, which spanned nearly 30 years, was proud of their “win-at-any-costs” philosophy that ultimately morphed into unofficial policy. And things really have not improved much under current “reform” District Attorney Pat Lykos who took office earlier this year. One of her prosecutors was recently discovered hiding potentially exculpatory information in a sexual assault case. The alleged victim had initially identified her attacker as being “black” but he actually turned out to be white. This information was apparently deliberately withheld from the defense attorneys involved in the case. (more…)

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