Texas Penal Code 21.02, Continuing Sexual Abuse of a Child, Thwarts Long Established Requirement of Unanimous Verdicts
By: Houston Criminal Lawyer John Floyd and Paralegal Billy Sinclair
It’s been called arguably the second “most serious offense” in the State of Texas: Texas Penal Code 21.02, The Continuous Sexual Abuse of a Child. The statute provides that a person commits the continuous sexual abuse of a child if (1) during a period that is 30 or more days in duration, the person commits two or more acts of sexual abuse, regardless of whether the acts of sexual abuse are committed against one or more victims, and (2) at the time of the commission of each of the acts of sexual abuse, the actor is 17 years of age or older and the victim is a child younger than 14 years of age. This law was enacted by the Legislature is 2007 and was part of Texas’ version of Jessica’s Law. These laws have met with serious constitutional challenges across the country.
Beyond imposing a harsher punishment than 99% of all felonies in this state, the “continuous sexual abuse of a child” statute is particularly disturbing because the predicate offenses necessary to trigger the law do not require a unanimous jury verdict. Those predicate offenses, the “acts of sexual abuse,” are: aggravating kidnapping with intent to sexually abuse the victim; indecency with a child; sexual assault; aggravated sexual assault of a child; sexual performance by a child; and burglary if committed with intent to commit one of the foregoing sexual offenses. Subsection (d) of the Sec. 21.02, provides:
“If a jury is the trier of fact, members of the jury are not required to agree unanimously on which specific acts of sexual abuse were committed by the defendant or the exact date when those acts were committed. The jury must agree unanimously that the defendant, during a period that is 30 or more days in duration, committed two or more acts of sexual abuse.”
In other words, if the defendant is indicted under Sec. 21.02 based on the theory that he committed a sexual assault and indecency with a child under 14 years of age during a period of 30 or more days between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2010, the jury does not have to be unanimous on the two underlying predicate offenses in order to unanimously convict the defendant of having committed these offenses sometime during the year 2010.



