CRIMINAL JURISDICTION

Criminal Law Blog by Defense Lawyer John Floyd and Mr. Billy Sinclair

September 30, 2010

DR AAFIA SIDDIQUI-THE PUNISHMENT DOES NOT FIT THE CRIME

Filed under: Anti-Terrorism Lawyer — Tags: , , , , , — johntfloyd @ 1:27 am

86 Year Federal Sentence Handed to the Gray Lady of Bagram Greater Than Necessary, Cruel and Unusual

By: Houston Criminal Lawyer John Floyd and Billy Sinclair

Depending on who you believe, Dr. Aafia Siddiqui is either an American-educated Pakistani neuroscientist kidnapped in Pakistan in 2003 and tortured by Americans in the infamous Bagram prison in Afghanistan over the next four years or she is a captured al Qaeda terrorist who tried to kill six American military personnel in Ghazni, Afghanistan in 2008. Whichever she is, she did not deserve the 86 year sentence U.S. District Court Judge Richard M. Berman imposed on her on September 23, 2010 because she posed a threat of “recidivism.”

There are a number of fairly certain facts about the bizarre and mysterious Siddiqui case in the public record. The Pakistani-born doctor was given up to the CIA by 9/11 mastermind Khalid Sheik Mohammed following his March 1, 2003 arrest in Pakistan and subsequent torture by the intelligence agency. The “spook” agency, which had virtually transformed itself into a lawless organization of kidnappings, torture, and secret prisons during the administration of George W. Bush, leaked Siddiqui’s name to the media, including CNN who in April 2003 took the Government-fed bait and linked the doctor to alleged al-Qaeda terrorism activities. Shortly after Siddiqui’s name was made public in connection with terrorism she disappeared with her three children in Karachi, just days after returning there from America. International media outlets quickly reported she had been taken into custody by the FBI, who denied the claim, while her family members were told she had been kidnapped.

A little more than a year after her Karachi disappearance, former U.S. Attorney General John Ashcroft and FBI Director Patrick Mueller conducted a news conference during which Mueller called Siddiqui “an al-Qaeda operative and facilitator” who was wanted in connection “with possible terrorist threats against the United States.” However, just days after this May 2004 news conference, the FBI issued an international “information alert” which stated that while the agency had no information connecting Siddiqui “to specific terrorist activities,” the FBI still wanted “to locate and question [her].”

Many people, like Andy Worthington, became convinced that Dr. Siddiqui had been kidnapped—either by Pakistani or American authorities—and was being held in a CIA secret prison somewhere (here, here, and here). By 2007 the Human Rights Watch group released a report calling Siddiqui one of the many “ghost prisoners” being held in secret prisons controlled by the CIA. And by November of that year former Pakistani President Pervez Musharraf suspended Pakistan’s Supreme Court Justice lftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry who was leading an investigation into the detention and disappearance of some 500 Pakistanis, including Siddiqui.

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September 28, 2010

ACTUAL INNOCENCE IN POST-CONVICTION PROCEEDINGS

Timothy Cole Advisory Panel on Wrongful Convictions Recommends Expanded Post-Conviction DNA Testing, Habeas Corpus Based on Changing Science

By: Houston Criminal Lawyer John Floyd and Paralegal Billy Sinclair

U.S. District Court Judge William T. Moore, Jr., who presides in the Southern District of Georgia, recently observed in the death penalty case of Troy Davis (here and here) that only one state of the 35 states that have the death penalty does not have any post-conviction avenue for inmates to either secure or offer evidence of innocence. That lone state is Oklahoma. Altogether, 47 states and the District of Columbia have enacted statutes which provide varying degrees of access to remedies to establish innocence in a post-conviction setting. Massachusetts, Alaska, and Oklahoma are the only three hold-out states which have elected not to enact reform legislation in the critical area of establishing “actual innocence” despite the ever-increasing number of DNA exonerations.

Chapter 64 of the Texas Code of Criminal Procedure provides inmates claiming actual innocence with an avenue to procure DNA testing. Article 64.01 permits an inmate to motion for DNA testing of evidence containing biological material. The motion must be accompanied by an affidavit outlining the facts supporting the motion. The motion can secure DNA testing only of evidence that was in possession of the state during the trial of the offense for which he was convicted, provided the following conditions are met: 1) the evidence was not subjected to DNA testing because such testing was not available; 2) DNA testing was available but was not technologically capable of producing probative results; or 3) DNA technology has improved with newer testing techniques which provide more accurate results.

Recently the Timothy Cole Advisory Panel on Wrongful Convictions (“Panel”) pointed out that Texas inmates who make claims of being wrongfully convicted not related to DNA evidence—such as improper ballistics analysis, faulty arson forensic evidence, or staged dog scent evidence—must petition the courts through a writ of habeas corpus pursuant Art. 1107 of the Code of Criminal Procedure in non-capital cases and Art. 11.071 in death penalty cases.

The burden facing a defendant in a habeas proceeding trying to establish “actual innocence” has been historically high because the U.S. Supreme Court has never definitively recognized what is called a “freestanding” actual innocence claim in habeas proceedings. Just last year the Court in case of District Attorney’s Office of the Third Judicial District v. Osborne held that the “actual innocence claim” issue was an “open question.” Yet just two months later the Court ordered a hearing in the case of Georgia death row inmate Troy Davis on the issue of “actual innocence,” saying it would violate the Eighth Amendment prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment to execute an innocent man as Davis has claimed to be. Against this conflicting constitutional backdrop, Judge Moore conducted an extensive evidentiary hearing and in August issued a comprehensive ruling that Davis had failed to establish his “actual innocence” test by “clear and convincing evidence”—the standard of evidence the federal judge said should be applied in such claims.

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September 25, 2010

TEXAS DISCOVERY PROCEDURES

Discovery, Brady Rules in Need of Reformation to Prevent Wrongful Convictions

By: Houston Criminal Lawyer John Floyd and Paralegal Billy Sinclair

Last month the Timothy Cole Advisory Panel (“Panel”), which was created by the Texas Legislature in its 2009 session to develop recommendations for the Texas Task Force on Indigent Defense to help prevent wrongful convictions, issued its “report” calling for changes in the state’s eyewitness identification procedures, custodial interrogations, discovery procedures, post-conviction proceedings, and various innocence projects that receive state funding.

In two previous posts (here and here), we have warmly embraced the Panel’s recommendations concerning eyewitness identifications and custodial interrogations. With this post we also embrace the Panel’s recommendation that “the State of Texas should adopt a statewide discovery policy that is mandatory, automatic, and reciprocal, and requires either electronic access to or photocopies of materials subject to discovery” but there are aspects of the Panel’s report concerning “discovery procedures” that need to be clarified.

On page 24 the Panel states that Brady v. Maryland, a 1963 U.S. Supreme Court decision which held that federal due process requires the prosecution to disclose favorable evidence upon request by a criminal defendant that is material to either guilt or punishment, “is an inefficient tool to prevent wrongful conviction because Brady motions are not raised until after a defendant has been convicted of a crime and new evidence that was in the possession of the prosecution comes to light.”

That statement, as written, is neither factually nor legally correct.

Brady requests must be made pre-trial in the State of Texas through a proper motion requesting exculpatory material both in general form and with as much specificity as possible.  Brady material and other discovery can be requested the following motions: 1) boilerplate motion for discovery; 2) motion for discovery and preservation of specific evidence; 3) motion requesting prosecution to file a list of physical evidence; 4) motion for duplicate photographs; 5) motion for discovery and preservation of specific canine evidence relating to canine drug search; 6) specific motion for exculpatory and mitigating evidence (Brady material); 7) motion for discovery of crime stoppers information; 8) motion for discovery of victim impact evidence; 9) request for notice of state’s intention to introduce punishment evidence pursuant to Art. 37.07 (Code of Criminal Procedure); 10) motion in limine (extraneous offenses); 11) request for notice of state’s intention to offer extraneous offenses pursuant to Rule 404(b)[Rule of Evidence]; 12) motion for pretrial hearing on admissibility of extraneous offenses; 13) written objections to admissibility of extraneous offenses and requesting for findings of fact and conclusions of law; 14) request for notice of extraneous offenses in child abuse case; 15) request for notice of state’s intention to use evidence of extraneous offenses or acts pursuant to Art. 38.37 C.C.P.; 16) request for notice of state’s intention to use evidence of impeachment pursuant to Texas Rules of Evidence 609; 17) request for notice of state’s intention to use certified copies of official documents or business records; 18) comprehensive request for notice of state’s intention to introduce evidence under rules of evidence and code of criminal procedure; 19) notice of intent to introduce evidence of extraneous offense; 20) punishment evidence or prior conviction information, motion for discovery of punishment evidence; 21) motion to list state’s witnesses [all persons contacted]; 22) motion for discovery of criminal records of all state’s witnesses; 23) motion to produce witness statements; 24) motion to require police to maintain personal notes; 25) motion to require police to maintain and produce recorded communications; 26) application to take deposition of witness and notice thereof; 27) application to take deposition of witness by written interrogatories and notice thereof; 28) motion for discovery of grand jury testimony; 29) motion for discovery of defendant’s previous trial; 30) motion for transcript of co-defendant’s trial, motion to reveal agreements entered into between the state and witnesses; 31) motion requesting disclosure of expert witnesses; 32) designation of expert witness; 33) motion for voir dire of expert witness and for pretrial ruling on admissibility of expert testimony; 34) motion for approval of expert witness funds, motion for independent forensic testing; 35) motion for defendant’s access to physical evidence; 36) motion for forensic identity testing; 37) motion for approval of funds for court-appointed investigator; 38) motion for approval of mitigation specialist funds; 39) motion for approval of forensic psychologist funds; and 40) motion for additional investigative funds.

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September 22, 2010

PREVENTING FALSE CONFESSIONS

Requirement That Interrogations Be Recorded Is the Best Way To Preserve Integrity Of Confessions

By: Houston Criminal Lawyer John Floyd and Paralegal Billy Sinclair

The New York-based Innocence Project reports that as of September 10, 2010 there have been 258 DNA exonerations in this country. The project says that 25 percent of them involved false confessions and incriminating statements.

So why would a person confess to somewhat he didn’t do?

“The interrogation itself is stressful enough to get innocent people to confess,” Saul Kassin, psychology professor at John Jay College of Criminal Justice in New York told the Chicago Tribune this past July. “But add to that a layer of grief and shock and perhaps even some guilt—‘I should have been there’—and then that the parent is trying like hell to be cooperative because they want the murder of their child solved.”

Professor Kassin was referring to a case like that of Kevin Fox who, according to the Tribune, spent 14 hours in a small, windowless interrogation room before he “simply gave up” and confessed to the murder and sexual assault of his three-year old daughter. The detectives handling the interrogation denied Fox’s request for an attorney; threatened to have it arranged so other inmate could rape him; repeatedly screamed at him while showing him pictures of his daughter bound and gagged with duct tape; and told him that his wife was going to divorce him.

Fox needed relief—any kind of relief. He finally agreed with the detectives’ “hypothetical account” of how his daughter had died in an accident. He believed the “phony details” would not match the evidence ultimately developed by the police. He was wrong. Tribune reporters Steve Mills and Lisa Black said the police kept him in jail 8 months before DNA evidence excluded him as a suspect, This past May, the newspaper reported, another man was arrested for the rape/murder of Fox’s three-year-old daughter.

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September 13, 2010

RECOMMENDATIONS FROM THE TIMOTHY COLE ADVISORY PANEL ON WRONGFUL CONVICTIONS

Filed under: Houston Criminal Lawyer — Tags: , , , , — johntfloyd @ 5:09 pm

Current Eyewitness Identification Procedure Reinforce False Memories and Lead to Wrongful Convictions

By: Houston Criminal Lawyer John Floyd and Paralegal Billy Sinclair

There have been 258 DNA exonerations in this country over the last two decades, according to the New York-based Innocence Project. In approximately 75 percent of those cases, eye misidentification played a significant role. It is an issue we have thus far blogged about four times this year (here, here, here, and here) and four times last year (here, here, here, and here)—the latter two 2009 posts dealing with the wrongful conviction of Timothy Cole.

The wrongful conviction of Cole is a tragic affair no matter how it is viewed. It has had much the same impact on the Texas criminal justice system as the 1999 wrongful conviction of Clarence Elkins, Sr., had on the Ohio criminal justice system. The same year Elkins was wrongfully convicted Cole died in a Texas prison from asthma complications. Fourteen years earlier he had been a 26-year-old student at Texas Tech University. The university and the entire Lubbock community were under siege from a serial rapist who had sexually assaulted five women between December 1984 and April 1985. The fifth woman attacked was 20-year-old Tech student Michele Mallin.

In an effort to apprehend the serial rapist, the local police assigned an undercover female officer to hang around the university campus. One evening the officer walked into a popular pizzeria frequented by students. Timothy Cole happened to be in the pizzeria. After having a coke, the officer got up and walked out of the restaurant. Cole followed. He walked directly to his car, but before driving off, he pulled up alongside the undercover officer who was strolling down the street. Cole struck up a conversation with officer and they traded names, although the officer refused to give him her telephone number. Cole drove off.

Since Cole was the only man who approached the officer that night, she turned his name into investigators working the serial rapist case. They ran Cole’s name and discovered he had reported being robbed at a local pool hall several weeks earlier. When the police went to investigate the robbery report, they noticed he had a weapon that appeared to have been fired. This led to a search of Cole—a search that revealed he had a small amount of marijuana in his possession. He was arrested on misdemeanor drug and weapon charges. One of the arresting officers in this case was the same “undercover” officer who turned his name into the serial rapist investigators.

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September 8, 2010

NO REFUSAL BLOOD DRAWS AND SOBRIETY CHECKPOINTS-CONSTITUTIONAL DILEMMAS

Law Enforcement Willing to Lessen Constitutional Protections to Appease Mothers Against Drunk Driving

By: Houston Criminal Lawyer John Floyd and Paralegal Billy Sinclair

For the past fifteen years the State of Texas either led the nation or ranked in the top five states in DWI fatalities. The Century Council reported in 2008 there were nearly six-million traffic accidents reported in this country to the police which took the lives of 37,361 people—11,773 of the deaths involved crashes in which a driver had a blood-alcohol reading of .08 or higher. A blood alcohol level (BAL) of .08 is considered intoxicated in the State of Texas.

DWI-related traffic fatalities, thus, is a serious problem across the country and particularly in the State of Texas.

Led by former Assistant District Attorney Warren Diepraam, the Harris County District Attorney followed the lead of other law enforcement agencies and set up in 2007 what has become known as “no refusal” DWI weekends.  Diepraam led the creation of an initiative formally called Vehicle Assault Team (VAT) which allowed a stand-by judge to issue a search warrant authorizing law enforcement officers making a DWI stop to take a blood sample from any motorist who refused to voluntarily submit to the “blood draw” so long as the officer’s actions were consistent with state law. ADA Diepraam’s belief went a step beyond VAT: he believes that every motorist stopped in the State of Texas for suspicion of DWI should be required to provide the police with a “chemical sample.” Not even former DA Chuck Rosenthal could buy into that belief so his office kept VAT confined to what it called “no refusal” weekends (most often staged on major holiday weekends).

The Diepraam-led VAT initiative had little respect for either Texas statutory requirements or case law precedent. First, Art. 724.017 of the Transportation Code provides that “only a physician, qualified technician, chemist, registered professional nurse, or licensed vocational nurse” can take a blood sample at the request of a peace officer. Although the District Attorney’s office elected to have a nurse present to make the actual draw, Diepraam lobbied the notion that a “jail nurse” or a “paramedic” was qualified under Art. 724.017 to make such a draw because the draws were “not mandatory.” As for the DA’s office lack of respect for case precedent, the Texas Court of Criminal appeals in the case of Juan Enrique Sanchez held that “roadblock checkpoints” violate the Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution, although Diepraam would argue that “no refusal” weekends were not “sobriety checkpoints”.  Sanchez remains controlling law to this day.

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September 3, 2010

THE MINEOLA SWINGER CLUB CASE-A LEGAL NIGHTMARE

Filed under: Child Abuse Crimes Lawyer — johntfloyd @ 3:04 am

Lying Texas Ranger, Overzealous Child Advocate Experts and Pro-Prosecution Judge Mock Justice

By: Houston Criminal Lawyer John Floyd and Paralegal Billy Sinclair

Most human tragedies are produced by random acts of Nature run amok. But far too often human tragedies are man-made, particularly in our criminal justice system. That’s what has happened in the so-called “Mineola swingers club” case. According to Michael Hall, in his latest Texas Monthly article about the case titled “Trial and Error,” this criminal justice tragedy began in 2005 when Margie Cantrell, a career “foster mom”  (27 adopted children over 36 years) who either fled or migrated from California to Texas in 2004, walked into the Mineola Police Department, located in Wood County (just north of Tyler), and informed the police that two of her foster children had been forced to perform “sex shows” at the Retreat Club, a local “swingers’ club.”

Before we get into the core facts of this legal nightmare, let us set the cast of characters who have made it all possible:  Judge Jack Skeen, Jr., who presides over the 241st District Court in Tyler, Smith County, Texas, and who has presided over all the criminal trials flowing out the Mineola swinger club case; Smith County District Attorney Matt Bingham who has prosecuted all the defendants thus far put to trial in the case; Sergeant Philip Kemp,  the Texas Ranger and lead investigator in the case; Shauntel Mayo, Jamie Pittman, Patrick “Booger Red” Kelly, Dennis Pittman, Sheila Sones, and Jimmy Sones, the six defendants indicted in 2007 in the case.

Three of the defendants, Mayo, Pittman and Kelly, were convicted in 2008 while a fourth defendant, Dennis Pittman, was convicted last month. All were sentenced to life imprisonment, although the convictions of Shauntel Mayo and Jamie Pittman’s convictions were reversed this past June by the 14th Circuit Court of Appeals.

And, finally, there are the five alleged child sexual abuse victims whose testimony alone—without any physical evidence or adult witness corroboration—produced the four convictions in this case. The children essentially said they had been trained in a “sex kindergarten” to dress and perform in sexually provocative ways before audiences at the Retreat Club.

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